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Exam 11: Motivating Employees

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Question 31

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The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied is known as the:

A) Hawthorne effect.
B) Taylor effect.
C) Type II effect.
D) Induced Motivation effect.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Question 32

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The basic principle of equity theory is that workers try to:

A) maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to people in similar positions.
B) ensure that performance standards are fair and attainable.
C) earn as much as possible with as little work as possible.
D) achieve the mutually agreed upon goals of management and employees.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 33

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Three elements were basic to Taylor's approach: time,methods,and rules of work.

In many businesses,the trend is toward using management techniques that are consistent with _________.

Frederick Taylor based his approach on the belief that each worker was an individual who should be treated as a unique asset to the firm.

Herzberg found that the sense of achievement workers experienced when they performed their jobs was an important motivator.

Frederick Taylor's ideas about improving worker productivity attracted a lot of attention at the time,but had little lasting significance.

Two things many firms with highly motivated workforces have in common are open communications and self-managed teams of workers.

Herzberg's research found that improvements in work environment were a more effective way to motivate workers than improvements in job content.

Motivation is largely internal,generated by managers; giving employees the freedom to be creative.

Job ___________ combines a series of tasks into one assignment that is more challenging,interesting,and motivating.

Since motivation comes from within an individual,there is little that managers can do to help motivate workers.

Jenny is a creative and intelligent person who likes to work independently on challenging projects.Jenny would be most effective when working for a Theory X-type manager.

The Hawthorne studies found that workers in the experimental group:

Why did the results of the studies conducted at the Hawthorne plant surprise Elton Mayo and his fellow researchers? How did these results change the direction of management research?

The most important impact of the Hawthorne studies was that it:

Managers who make Theory X assumptions about workers tend to watch their subordinates very closely and provide detailed instructions to workers about how they should do their jobs.

Wally is a professional house painter.During busy periods,he often hires college students as helpers on his jobs.Wally tells his helpers that he has determined the most efficient way to paint a house and he expects them to follow his instructions exactly.Wally's approach is consistent with the ideas of:

Gerald believes that most of his subordinates dislike work and would avoid it if possible.He also believes that his workers have little,if any,ambition,and that the only way to motivate them is by using threats and punishment.Gerald's views are consistent with ___________ management.

In Maslow's hierarchy,__________ needs refer to the desire to reach one's fullest potential.