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Exam 2: Biological Beginnings

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Question 121

Multiple Choice

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Adam, who has a cardiovascular disease, participated in a research study to identify genetic variations linked to cardiovascular disease. His DNA, along with DNA from other patients suffering from the same cardiovascular disease, was obtained. For the purpose of comparison, the researchers also took DNA samples from participants who did not have the disease. Each participant's DNA was assessed to determine markers of genetic variation. The researchers found that genetic variations occurred more frequently in people who had the cardiovascular disease. This led them to pinpoint the region in the human genome linked to the disease. Which of the following approaches to gene identification and discovery did the researchers use in this study?

A) next-generation sequencing
B) linkage analysis
C) the Thousand Genomes Project
D) the genome-wide association method

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 122

Multiple Choice

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In twin studies, it is most common to

A) assess the behavioral similarity of identical twins compared with the behavioral similarity of non-twin siblings.
B) determine the behavioral similarity of identical twins compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins.
C) to conduct genetic studies of the difference between identical twins in their genetic makeup.
D) to compare adopted fraternal twins with each other.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Question 123

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following would be an appropriate course of treatment for a person diagnosed with cystic fibrosis?

Explain the genome-wide association method, and how it has been used to help identify genetic variations of diseases.

Gwendolyn, a pregnant woman, is undergoing a prenatal medical procedure in which her doctor directs high-frequency sound waves into her abdomen to create a visual representation of the fetus's inner structures. The doctor informs her that the procedure will reveal the number of fetuses she is carrying, detect abnormalities in the fetus, and give clues to the sex of the baby. In this scenario, which of the following prenatal medical procedures is Gwendolyn most likely undergoing?

Red-feathered and blue-feathered birds occupy the same environment. The birds with the red feathers are better able to survive and avoid predators. This means that the population of red-feathered birds will increase in future generations. This illustrates the process of

Cathy is preparing for the birth of her first child. She asks her doctor when her baby may begin to assume the birth position. Which of the following would be her doctor's response?

A(n) ________ gene overrides the potential influence of a recessive gene.

Which of the following is a small molecule that would be able to pass through the placental wall?

Which of the following is true of phenylketonuria?

Xiomara is considering hiring a doula to help with childbirth. Who are doulas, and how are they different from midwives?

Which of the following is advised for pregnant women by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration?

The ________ position refers to the baby's position in the uterus that causes the buttocks to be the first part to emerge from the vagina.

Carla is three-and-a-half weeks pregnant. This indicates that her child is in the ________ period of prenatal development.

Cell differentiation intensifies and organs appear in the ________ period of prenatal development.

Define gene × environment (G × E) interaction. Give an example of a study (either your own or one from the book) that could illustrate the interaction between genes and the environment.

If a baboon learns to eat different kinds of fruit instead of relying on only one kind for its nutritive needs, we would argue that this behavior promotes its survival. Thus, the behavior is

________ replaces traditional 15-minute physician visits with 90-minute peer group support settings and self-examination led by a physician or certified nurse-midwife.

When the ________ is delivered, estrogen and progesterone levels drop steeply and remain low until the ovaries start producing hormones again.

________ is a stage in reproduction whereby an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell.