Question 1

The high metabolic rate of infants puts them at increased risk of metabolic

Accepted Answer

A)   acidosis.
B)   alkalosis.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 2

In order for a state of fluid balance to be achieved, obligatory water loss must equal facultative water loss.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A substance that dissociates in water to form cations and anions is called a nonelectrolyte.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

When pH decreases, the kidney responds by

Accepted Answer

A)   secreting H+.
B)   reabsorbing carbon dioxide.
C)   secreting bicarbonate.
D)   secreting carbonic acid.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Angiotensin II causes a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulation of the thirst center and increased release of ADH.
B)   stimulation of the thirst center and decreased release of ADH.
C)   inhibition of the thirst center and increased release of ADH.
D)   inhibition of the thirst center and decreased release of ADH.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Excessive intake of alcohol leads to respiratory alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)  is synthesized in the ________ and released from the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary
B)   anterior pituitary; hypothalamus
C)   hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
D)   hypothalamus; anterior pituitaryE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

To buffer the body's extracellular fluid compartment, dihydrogen phosphate acts as a strong base and prevents acidosis of the plasma.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

When comparing two individuals of the same body weight, the one with more muscle and less fat will have a higher percentage of fluid in their body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The plasma of our blood constitutes ________ than half of the fluid in our body; plasma is part of the ________ fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)   more; intracellular
B)   more; extracellular
C)   less; intracellular
D)   less; extracellularE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Low levels of calcium within cells are maintained by

Accepted Answer

A)   a high number of voltage-gated and leakage channels for calcium in cell membranes.
B)   frequent exocytosis and endocytosis of calcium-containing vesicles.
C)   pumps that move calcium out of cells or into the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D)   osmosis of large amounts of water into cells that have any calcium within them.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Insulin causes blood plasma levels of potassium to ________ by ________ activity of the Na+/K+ pumps.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase; stimulating
B)   increase; inhibiting
C)   decrease; stimulating
D)   decrease; inhibitingE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

If someone begins to hyperventilate due to anxiety, the CO2 concentration in their blood decreases; this causes ________ in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A)   an increase
B)   a decrease
C)   no changeD) A) and B)
E) A) and C)

Question 14

When compared with the effects of blood pressure and osmolarity on fluid intake, the effects of saliva and stomach distention are

Accepted Answer

A)   more immediate and more accurate.
B)   more immediate but less accurate.
C)   more long-term and more accurate.
D)   more long-term but less accurate.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

The hormone ANP

Accepted Answer

A)   increases urine output and increases blood volume.
B)   increases urine output and decreases blood volume.
C)   decreases urine output and decreases blood volume.
D)   decreases urine output and increases blood volume.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

In elderly individuals, 75% of body weight is made up of fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The bicarbonate system is composed of H2CO3 and HCO-3. Which statement accurately describes these molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)   H2CO3 and HCO-3 are both weak acids.
B)   H2CO3 is a weak acid, and HCO-3 is a weak base.
C)   H2CO3 is a weak base, and HCO-3 is a weak acid.
D)   H2CO3 and HCO-3 are both strong bases.
E)   H2CO3 is a strong base, and HCO-3 is a weak acid.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Distention of the stomach causes thirst to

Accepted Answer

A)   increase.
B)   decrease.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 19

Which of the following does not turn off the thirst center of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)   Decreased blood osmolarity
B)   Entry of fluid in the stomach
C)   Decreased salivary secretions
D)   Increased blood pressureE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Severe diarrhea results in the increased elimination of

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrogen ions and therefore causes acidosis.
B)   hydrogen ions and therefore causes alkalosis.
C)   bicarbonate ions and therefore causes acidosis.
D)   bicarbonate ions and therefore causes alkalosis.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 25: Fluid and Electrolytes

In order for a state of fluid balance to be achieved, obligatory water loss must equal facultative water loss.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The high metabolic rate of infants puts them at increased risk of metabolic

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insulin causes blood plasma levels of potassium to ________ by ________ activity of the Na+/K+ pumps.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excessive intake of alcohol leads to respiratory alkalosis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To buffer the body's extracellular fluid compartment, dihydrogen phosphate acts as a strong base and prevents acidosis of the plasma.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Angiotensin II causes a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the ________ and released from the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Severe diarrhea results in the increased elimination of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A substance that dissociates in water to form cations and anions is called a nonelectrolyte.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When comparing two individuals of the same body weight, the one with more muscle and less fat will have a higher percentage of fluid in their body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not turn off the thirst center of the brain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Low levels of calcium within cells are maintained by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In elderly individuals, 75% of body weight is made up of fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hormone ANP

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The plasma of our blood constitutes ________ than half of the fluid in our body; plasma is part of the ________ fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When compared with the effects of blood pressure and osmolarity on fluid intake, the effects of saliva and stomach distention are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If someone begins to hyperventilate due to anxiety, the CO2 concentration in their blood decreases; this causes ________ in blood pH.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The bicarbonate system is composed of H2CO3 and HCO-3. Which statement accurately describes these molecules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When pH decreases, the kidney responds by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Distention of the stomach causes thirst to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Insulin causes blood plasma levels of potassium to by activity of the Na⁺/K⁺ pumps.

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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is synthesized in the and released from the .

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The plasma of our blood constitutes than half of the fluid in our body; plasma is part of the fluid.

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If someone begins to hyperventilate due to anxiety, the CO₂ concentration in their blood decreases; this causes ________ in blood pH.

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The bicarbonate system is composed of H₂CO₃ and HCO^-₃. Which statement accurately describes these molecules?

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