Question 1

Choose the best cause and effect sequence for the process of speciation by natural selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  Variation --> Selection --> Reproductive Isolation --> Mutation --> Speciation
B)  Mutation --> Variation --> Selection --> Reproductive Isolation --> Speciation
C)  Speciation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Selection --> Mutation --> Variation
D)  Variation --> Reproductive Isolation --> Speciation --> Mutation --> SelectionE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Several species of sea urchins may inhabit the same tide pool and their reproductive periods overlap.Although they practice external fertilization, they seldom interbreed because eggs produce chemicals that are only attractive to sperm of their own species.This is an example of a _________ barrier that _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prezygotic; causes geographic isolation
B)  prezygotic; causes temporal isolation
C)  prezygotic; prevents gamete fusion
D)  postzygotic; prevents zygote fusionE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Adaptive radiation is best described as the

Accepted Answer

A)  existence of groups of closely related species recently evolved from a common ancestor.
B)  existence of groups of distantly related species recently evolved from a common ancestor.
C)  existence of groups of closely related species recently evolved from different ancestors through hybridization.
D)  existence of individuals of closely related species that originated in different areas within diverse habitats, but that have rejoined as a single species.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

The most common mechanism for sympatric speciation in plants is

Accepted Answer

A)  polyploidy.
B)  geographic isolation.
C)  spontaneous mutation.
D)  punctuated equilibrium.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

Evolution acts at the level of the

Accepted Answer

A)  ecosystem.
B)  population.
C)  species.
D)  community.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Scientists studying a group of related bird species on an island archipelago discover that these species are always more closely related to each other within an island than they are between any two islands.The most likely explanation for this result is that

Accepted Answer

A)  each bird species evolved different adaptations in allopatry and then colonized the other islands.
B)  one bird species colonized each island and then evolved into distinct species on that island through character displacement.
C)  each bird species became reproductively isolated by living on a different island, then later colonized the other islands and acquired new adaptations.
D)  many ancestral bird species colonized each island.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Courtship for Anolis lizards involves the male displaying a dewlap (skin under the throat area)  that varies in appearance based upon the species.Lizards that are found in darker, more shaded environments will have dewlaps that are lighter in color because they are more noticeable by potential mates.Which of the following mechanisms best explains how speciation is at work in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  Postzygotic isolation
B)  Reinforcement
C)  Genetic drift
D)  Natural selectionE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

If a new species is produced by the interbreeding of two members of distinct species, this would be __________ speciation achieved via _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric; autopolyploidy
B)  allopatric; allopolyploidy
C)  sympatric; autopolyploidy
D)  sympatric; allopolyploidyE) All of the above
F) None of the above D

Question 9

Many male songbirds have very distinctive songs that are used to attract females.These songs are an example of a ________ isolating mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A)  postzygotic, ecological
B)  prezygotic, behavioral
C)  prezygotic, temporal
D)  postzygotic, mechanicalE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 10

The __________ __________ model assumes that evolution occurs in spurts, between which there are long periods of stasis with little evolutionary change.

Accepted Answer

punctuated equilibrium

Question 11

Due to character displacement, two closely related species may differ most morphologically when they

Accepted Answer

A)  are allopatric.
B)  are sympatric.
C)  occupy the same niche.
D)  occupy different niches.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

Two bird species have different mating calls, occupy different habitats in nature, and when they hybridize, the hybrids are infertile.Which isolating mechanisms maintain these species?

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological isolation, behavioral isolation, and hybrid sterility
B)  mechanical isolation, hybrid sterility, geographical isolation
C)  ecological isolation, mechanical isolation, hybrid sterility
D)  geographical isolation, temporal isolation, behavioral isolationE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 13

Very rapid speciation occurred when cichlid fishes were isolated in Lake Victoria.Widespread extinction was dramatically seen when

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection stopped.
B)  predatory fish were added.
C)  hybridization stopped.
D)  fishing was prohibited.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Two populations that inhabit the same area but remain genetically distinct can best be called

Accepted Answer

A)  species.
B)  subspecies (races) .
C)  polymorphic.
D)  allopatric species.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

According to the biological species concept, two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile, viable hybrids are considered to be different

Accepted Answer

A)  races.
B)  species.
C)  kingdoms.
D)  hybrids.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

Several new tetraploid species of a plant called salsify (Tragopogon)  known as salsify have arisen in western North America.These new species each arose from a diploid species that went through the process of allopolyploidy.This mode of speciation is a type of ________ and it occurs _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation; almost instantaneously
B)  allopatric speciation; very slowly
C)  sympatric speciation; almost instantaneously
D)  sympatric speciation; very slowlyE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

If two species are able to mate and produce an offspring which can mate with itself, but is unable to mate with either parent's species, it is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation.
B)  sympatric speciation via disruptive selection.
C)  sympatric speciation via polyploidy.
D)  a species cluster.E) All of the above
F) None of the above C

Question 18

Scientists observed that marine bryozoan fossils lack intermediate forms.This evidence supports which hypotheses? Check all that apply.__X__ Evolution occurs in spurts, alternating with long periods of little change._____ Evolution proceeds steadily, with gradual, incremental change in a given evolutionary line.__X__ There is variability in the rate of evolution._____ Evolution proceeds at a constant rate that is the same for all organisms.

Accepted Answer

Reflect on Process

Did your problem-sol...

Question 19

Males of many marsupial species have forked penises that are incompatible with the anatomy of female placental mammals.What type of isolating mechanism does this represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological isolation
B)  temporal isolation
C)  mechanical incompatibility
D)  hybrid sterilityE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Reinforcement is most likely to drive the evolution of

Accepted Answer

A)  prezygotic isolating mechanisms, because selection favors alleles that prevent hybridization.
B)   postzygotic isolating mechanisms, because selection acts after the formation of hybrids.
C)   prezygotic isolating mechanisms, because selection favors alleles that promote hybridization.
D)  postzygotic isolating mechanisms, because hybrids have low fitness relative to the parents.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Exam 22: The Origin of Species

Choose the best cause and effect sequence for the process of speciation by natural selection.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Adaptive radiation is best described as the

Correct Answer
verified

The most common mechanism for sympatric speciation in plants is

Correct Answer
verified

Evolution acts at the level of the

Correct Answer
verified

Scientists studying a group of related bird species on an island archipelago discover that these species are always more closely related to each other within an island than they are between any two islands.The most likely explanation for this result is that

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If a new species is produced by the interbreeding of two members of distinct species, this would be __ speciation achieved via _.

Correct Answer
verified
D

Many male songbirds have very distinctive songs that are used to attract females.These songs are an example of a ________ isolating mechanism.

Correct Answer
verified

The model assumes that evolution occurs in spurts, between which there are long periods of stasis with little evolutionary change.

Correct Answer
verified
punctuated equilibrium

Due to character displacement, two closely related species may differ most morphologically when they

Correct Answer
verified

Two bird species have different mating calls, occupy different habitats in nature, and when they hybridize, the hybrids are infertile.Which isolating mechanisms maintain these species?

Correct Answer
verified

Very rapid speciation occurred when cichlid fishes were isolated in Lake Victoria.Widespread extinction was dramatically seen when

Correct Answer
verified

Two populations that inhabit the same area but remain genetically distinct can best be called

Correct Answer
verified

According to the biological species concept, two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile, viable hybrids are considered to be different

Correct Answer
verified

Several new tetraploid species of a plant called salsify (Tragopogon) known as salsify have arisen in western North America.These new species each arose from a diploid species that went through the process of allopolyploidy.This mode of speciation is a type of __ and it occurs _.

Correct Answer
verified

If two species are able to mate and produce an offspring which can mate with itself, but is unable to mate with either parent's species, it is an example of

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-sol...
View Answer

Males of many marsupial species have forked penises that are incompatible with the anatomy of female placental mammals.What type of isolating mechanism does this represent?

Correct Answer
verified

Reinforcement is most likely to drive the evolution of

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 22: The Origin of Species

Choose the best cause and effect sequence for the process of speciation by natural selection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adaptive radiation is best described as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most common mechanism for sympatric speciation in plants is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolution acts at the level of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Scientists studying a group of related bird species on an island archipelago discover that these species are always more closely related to each other within an island than they are between any two islands.The most likely explanation for this result is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a new species is produced by the interbreeding of two members of distinct species, this would be __________ speciation achieved via _________.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Many male songbirds have very distinctive songs that are used to attract females.These songs are an example of a ________ isolating mechanism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The __________ __________ model assumes that evolution occurs in spurts, between which there are long periods of stasis with little evolutionary change.

Correct Answerverifiedpunctuated equilibrium

Due to character displacement, two closely related species may differ most morphologically when they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two bird species have different mating calls, occupy different habitats in nature, and when they hybridize, the hybrids are infertile.Which isolating mechanisms maintain these species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Very rapid speciation occurred when cichlid fishes were isolated in Lake Victoria.Widespread extinction was dramatically seen when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two populations that inhabit the same area but remain genetically distinct can best be called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the biological species concept, two groups of organisms that are unable to form fertile, viable hybrids are considered to be different

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Several new tetraploid species of a plant called salsify (Tragopogon) known as salsify have arisen in western North America.These new species each arose from a diploid species that went through the process of allopolyploidy.This mode of speciation is a type of ________ and it occurs _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If two species are able to mate and produce an offspring which can mate with itself, but is unable to mate with either parent's species, it is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Correct AnswerverifiedReflect on Process Did your problem-sol...View AnswerShow Answer

Males of many marsupial species have forked penises that are incompatible with the anatomy of female placental mammals.What type of isolating mechanism does this represent?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reinforcement is most likely to drive the evolution of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If a new species is produced by the interbreeding of two members of distinct species, this would be __ speciation achieved via _.

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified

The model assumes that evolution occurs in spurts, between which there are long periods of stasis with little evolutionary change.

Correct Answer
verified
punctuated equilibrium

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Several new tetraploid species of a plant called salsify (Tragopogon) known as salsify have arisen in western North America.These new species each arose from a diploid species that went through the process of allopolyploidy.This mode of speciation is a type of __ and it occurs _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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C

Correct Answer
verified
Reflect on Process
Did your problem-sol...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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