Question 1

The adequate intake (AI)  for sodium for adults under 51 years of age is ________ milligrams per day.

Accepted Answer

A)   500
B)   1000
C)   1500
D)   2000E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Depletion of chloride is mostly likely to occur with excessive

Accepted Answer

A)   dieting.
B)   vomiting.
C)   diarrhea.
D)   sweating.E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

About ________ of adults are sodium sensitive.

Accepted Answer

A)   10% to 15%
B)   25% to 30%
C)   45% to 50%
D)   70% to 75%E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Calcium absorption is increased by

Accepted Answer

A)   high caffeine intake and large intakes of phytic acid.
B)   foods that contain vitamin D and lactose.
C)   foods high in oxalates such as sweet potatoes, collard greens, spinach, and rhubarb.
D)   tannins in tea and some legumes.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Cortical bone

Accepted Answer

A)   has a dense structure.
B)   has a spongy structure.
C)   is more likely to become fractured than trabecular bone.
D)   is more rapidly remodeled than trabecular bone.E) All of the above
F) A) and B) A

Question 6

Which of the following electrolytes is especially important for proper heart rhythm?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sodium
B)   Potassium
C)   Chloride
D)   PhosphateE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Primary hypertension

Accepted Answer

A)   is also known as the white coat syndrome.
B)   has no clear-cut cause.
C)   is a result of kidney disease.
D)   is a result of sleep apnea.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Oxalic acid, a component of fiber, can inhibit the absorption of

Accepted Answer

A)   vitamin A.
B)   thiamin.
C)   calcium.
D)   protein.E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 9

Manganese can be toxic at high doses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Calcium absorption is decreased by

Accepted Answer

A)   phytic acid, oxalic acid, and tannins.
B)   periods of growth, such as adolescence and pregnancy.
C)   the presence of lactose in the diet.
D)   the acid produced by the stomach.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Fluoridation of the water supply is a public health strategy to

Accepted Answer

A)   improve dental health.
B)   promote brain health.
C)   prevent cancer.
D)   lower the risk for cardiovascular disease.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

The major source of ________ in the American diet is processed foods.

Accepted Answer

A)   sodium
B)   potassium
C)   calcium
D)   phosphorusE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) A

Question 13

Accumulation of bone mass occurs primarily during childhood and adolescence. Later in life, the rate of bone degradation exceeds the rate of bone synthesis. For average, healthy men and women, gradual bone loss begins around age

Accepted Answer

A)   20.
B)   30.
C)   40.
D)   50.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

The only mineral that is required to be added to enriched grain products in the United States is

Accepted Answer

A)   iron.
B)   zinc.
C)   iodine.
D)   potassium.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

What is the name of the copper-containing protein that transports iron in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ceruloplasmin
B)   Cysteine
C)   Chaperone
D)   CaseinE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

Match the following terms with the descriptions below.
-Ultratrace mineral

Accepted Answer

A)  Mineral required in the diet in amounts greater than 100 milligrams per day
B)  A mineral that is required in the diet in amounts less than 100 milligrams per day
C)  The degree to which the amount of an ingested nutrient is absorbed and is available to the body
D)  Organic compound needed in small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support chemical reactions and processes in the body
E)  A mineral present in the human diet in trace amounts but that has not been shown to be essential to human healthF) C) and E)
G) A) and B) E

Question 17

Which of the following is a source of heme iron?

Accepted Answer

A)   Leafy, green vegetables
B)   Seafood
C)   Eggs
D)   Fortified breakfast cerealE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Metabolic water refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   rehydration beverages that contain electrolytes.
B)   water that is formed as a byproduct of the breakdown of macronutrients for energy.
C)   water that is conserved by the kidneys.
D)   fluids that are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following population groups is at risk for high blood potassium?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vegetarians
B)   Alcoholics
C)   People with eating disorders
D)   People with kidney disordersE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Which of the following population groups requires the least sodium?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adults through age 50
B)   Adults ages 51 to 70
C)   Adults age 71 and older
D)   Sodium requirements are the same for all adults.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Exam 9: Water and Minerals

The adequate intake (AI) for sodium for adults under 51 years of age is ________ milligrams per day.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Depletion of chloride is mostly likely to occur with excessive

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

About ________ of adults are sodium sensitive.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium absorption is increased by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cortical bone

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following electrolytes is especially important for proper heart rhythm?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Primary hypertension

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Oxalic acid, a component of fiber, can inhibit the absorption of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Manganese can be toxic at high doses.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Calcium absorption is decreased by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluoridation of the water supply is a public health strategy to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major source of ________ in the American diet is processed foods.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Accumulation of bone mass occurs primarily during childhood and adolescence. Later in life, the rate of bone degradation exceeds the rate of bone synthesis. For average, healthy men and women, gradual bone loss begins around age

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The only mineral that is required to be added to enriched grain products in the United States is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the name of the copper-containing protein that transports iron in the blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the following terms with the descriptions below. -Ultratrace mineral

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Which of the following is a source of heme iron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Metabolic water refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following population groups is at risk for high blood potassium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following population groups requires the least sodium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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