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Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

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Question 21

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A group of randomly selected subjects for a study that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called ________.

A) volunteer bias
B) a representative sample
C) an experimental group
D) a control group

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 22

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Studying the elements of sensations, feelings, and images is most directly associated with which school of psychology?

A) structuralism
B) functionalism
C) behaviorism
D) humanism

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Question 23

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In a laboratory, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, the dependent variable is ________.

Sandy Sue was participating in an experiment in which she was given a pill that was supposed to cause her to get drowsy. Five minutes after taking the pill, Sandy Sue reported that she felt drowsy and wanted to lie down. The pill was actually made of sugar and had no ingredients to cause drowsiness. How do you explain Sandy Sue's drowsy feeling?

Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology?

In an experiment to examine the effects of sleep deprivation on completion of a puzzle, one group is allowed to sleep eight hours while another group is made to stay awake. In this experiment, the independent variable is

Which of the following early psychologists would have been most likely to agree with the statement, "The study of the mind should focus on how it functions in everyday life"?

Which perspective offers the best explanation for schizophrenia?

Wertheimer was associated with __________ psychology.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Wundt is to structuralism as _______ is to psychoanalysis.

Which of the following is an example of observer bias?

Which perspective best explains the bystander effect whereby individuals will be less likely to help someone in need because of the presence of others close by?

A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. This psychologist is most interested in the goal of ________.

When you watch dogs play in the park, or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of ________.

Keller has individuals run on a treadmill for 0, 15, or 30 minutes and then measures their self-reported mood. In this hypothetical study, the independent variable is:

Expectations by the experimenter that might influence the results of an experiment or their interpretation are called __________.

Sally proposes the idea that one's sexual history prior to marriage may be linked to whether one ends up getting divorced. This best represents which step of the scientific method?

Psychology is said to have begun when

Researchers must report their results completely whether the hypothesis was supported or not. Complete reporting is necessary for the purpose of ________.