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If you want to understand what motivates Gen X workers, it might be a good idea to study the personal experiences that this group shared, such as stay-at-home moms and dads that worked very steady nine-to-five jobs, with hardly any fear of layoffs.

A) True
B) False

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Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed the principle of motion economy, which said that every job could be broken down into a series of elementary motions.

A) True
B) False

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As a contemporary manager, your employees will be motivated to provide you with important feedback if:


A) you provide closed-end surveys on a monthly basis.
B) you prepare daily, companywide passive voicemail messages.
C) you institute a respectful rank and file politeness plan, where middle and higher-level managers are addressed as "Mr.," "Ms.," or "Dr."
D) you solicit open-ended responses from your employees.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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When reflecting upon the newer generation, each older generation says the same thing:


A) their generation had it better.
B) the newer generation "breaks the rules."
C) their generation had a more difficult time of it.
D) newer generations are smarter.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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A basic idea of ___________ was to conduct time-motion studies to find the best way to perform each task, then teach people to use these methods.


A) management by design
B) Theory Z management
C) scientific management
D) expectancy theory

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Herzberg found that good pay:


A) was the strongest motivator.
B) was a significant motivator, but not as important as job security.
C) was a hygiene factor rather than a motivator.
D) had no effect on worker attitudes.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Theory Y managers assume that the main factor that motivates most employees is the desire to earn more money.

A) True
B) False

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Job ___________ combines a series of tasks into one assignment that is more challenging, interesting, and motivating.


A) optimization
B) enhancement
C) enlargement
D) maximization

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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A major conclusion of the Hawthorne studies was that the best way to motivate employees is with monetary incentives such as pay raises and bonuses.

A) True
B) False

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Managers who advocate job enrichment focus on creating jobs with:


A) repetitive motions.
B) simplified tasks so that the worker can achieve high levels of production.
C) very specialized and difficult tasks.
D) skill variety and autonomy.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Based on Herzberg's theory of motivators, job enrichment will motivate employees to satisfy higher-order needs.

A) True
B) False

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Wally Tormach is a professional house painter. During busy periods, he often hires college students as helpers on his jobs. Wally tells his helpers that he has determined the most efficient way to paint a house and he expects them to follow his instructions exactly. Wally's approach is consistent with the ideas of:


A) Peter Drucker.
B) Frederick Herzberg.
C) William Ouchi.
D) Frederick Taylor.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Theory ____ assumes that the average person likes work, and has a relatively high degree of imagination and creativity.


A) A
B) Alpha
C) X
D) Y

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Researchers David Nadler and Edward Lawler suggest that in order to use expectancy theory to improve worker motivation, the first thing managers should do is:


A) identify the critical path for the project.
B) determine what rewards are valued by employees.
C) ensure that the rewards are tied to the employee's performance.
D) decide on a way to monitor employee performance.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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According to equity theory, if employees perceive that their level of effort is greater than their compensation, they will work to increase their productivity.

A) True
B) False

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Frederick Taylor encouraged managers to make use of psychological techniques to improve worker motivation.

A) True
B) False

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As part of their open communication strategy, management should reward upward communication, even if it is negative.

A) True
B) False

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According to Maslow, a satisfied need is no longer a motivator.

A) True
B) False

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William Ouchi concluded that culture should not be a factor in one's management style.

A) True
B) False

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According to Herzberg, job-related factors that motivated workers to work harder and more productively had one thing in common:


A) they were easy to explain and easy to measure.
B) they focused on making the jobs performed by employees simpler to accomplish.
C) they were related to job content.
D) they allowed more productive employees to receive higher compensation.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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