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Exam 21: Environmental Chemistry

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Question 71

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An increase in the amount of particulate matter (dust and smoke) in the atmosphere may result in cooler world temperatures because

A) more sunlight is absorbed by Earth.
B) more infrared radiation is emitted into space.
C) the dust reflects solar radiation.
D) dust reacts with ozone in an exothermic reaction.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Question 72

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Lightning, fires, and other atmospheric processes result in the formation of nitric acid, HNO₃, from atmospheric N₂, O₂, and H₂O. Write balanced chemical equations to represent the three reactions involved in the formation of HNO₃ by this route.

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N₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2NO(g)...

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Question 73

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Which one of the following is not one of the five gaseous components in highest concentration in the atmosphere?

Which of the following is a catalyst in the destruction of ozone?

What is the name of the chemical with a very foul smell that is a preservative used to preserve the body of dead people?

Briefly describe the three main pathways for nitrogen fixation.

Explain what occurs when excited molecules and ions return to their electronic ground state from their excited state.

What is the wavelength of a photon needed to dissociate an O₃ molecule whose bond energy is 107.2 kJ/mol (h = 6.63 × 10^-34J s; c = 3.0 × 10⁸m/s; and Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mole) ?

Jupiter has no solid surface and is 90% hydrogen gas and 9% helium gas.

The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is

List at least six chemicals that are released into the atmosphere when a volcano erupts.

An unusual atmospheric reaction leading to ozone destruction is CF₃O + O₃ → CF₃O₂ + O₂ The analysis of which has yielded an Arrhenius frequency factor (A) and activation energy of 2.0 × 10^-12 cm³ molecule^-1 s^-1 and 11.6 kJ/mol, respectively. Calculate the rate constant for this reaction at an altitude of 35 km, where the temperature is -34°C.

What is the name given the condition leading to the formation of ice particles over Antarctica?

What is the name of the molten rock which rises to the surface of the Earth and generates some types of volcanic eruptions?

________ are violent eruptions on the surface of the sun.