Question 1

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)   IP3 (inositol triphosphate)  is produced.
B)   Epinephrine combines with membrane-bound receptor on smooth muscle cell.
C)   Calmodulin binds to the enzyme that phosphorylates myosin and cross-bridges form.
D)   IP3 stimulates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum.
E)   Ca2+ binds with calmodulin.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)   saponification.
B)   amplitude-modulation.
C)   conjugation.
D)   protein-binding.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)   ATP
B)   calcium
C)   M protein
D)   G protein
E)   DNAF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

A water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor on the plasma membrane. Arrange the events that follow in correct sequence. (1)  alpha subunit-GTP complex alters cell activity
(2)  GTP binds to the alpha subunit replacing GDP
(3)  G-protein subunits separate from the receptor
(4)  alpha subunit separates from other two subunits
(5)  G-protein subunits bind to the receptor

Accepted Answer

A)   5, 2, 3, 4, 1
B)   4, 2, 1, 3, 5
C)   5, 2, 1, 4, 3
D)   5, 4, 2, 1, 3
E)   3, 4, 1, 2, 5F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

All of the following chemical messengers may be listed in multiple functional classes except

Accepted Answer

A)   Eicosanoids
B)   Epinephrine
C)   Prostaglandins
D)   AcetylcholineE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 6

What do all hormones have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are made from amino acids.
B)   They are bound to transport molecules in the blood.
C)   They bind to and interact with a receptor on or in the target cell.
D)   They use the second messenger mechanism to control the target cell.
E)   They are all lipid-soluble.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Accepted Answer

A)   the rate of hormone secretion.
B)   the identity of a hormone.
C)   the rate at which hormones are eliminated from the body.
D)   the rate of action of a hormone.
E)   the rate of travel through the blood to a target.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Secretion of one hormone by the action of another hormone is control by _______ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)   hormonal
B)   neural
C)   humoral
D)   visceralE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description.
-paracrine

Accepted Answer

A)  chemicals produced by neurons that function as hormones
B)  chemicals that act locally on nearby cells
C)  chemical secreted by presynaptic terminal
D)  influences same cell type from which it is secreted
E)  chemical secreted into blood by specialized cells; travels some distance to target tissuesF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 10

Consider the following events in the nuclear receptor model: (1)  Hormone receptor complex binds to DNA.
(2)  Messenger RNA directs synthesis of specific proteins.
(3)  Hormone binds to receptors in the nucleus (sometimes in the cytoplasm) 
(4)  Messenger RNA synthesis is activated.
(5)  Synthesized proteins produce the response of the cell.
Which of these events occurs in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 3, 5
B)   1, 3, 4
C)   1, 2, 3
D)   3, 4, 5
E)   All events occur in the nucleus.F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

After a meal, blood glucose levels rise and stimulate the release of insulin. What type of stimulation is this example?

Accepted Answer

A)   humoral
B)   neural
C)   hormonal
D)   hypothalamicE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of

Accepted Answer

A)   up-regulation.
B)   over-regulation.
C)   down-regulation.
D)   a lack of regulation.
E)   modulation.F) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 13

What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?

Accepted Answer

A)   paracrine
B)   neurotransmitter
C)   autocrine
D)   endocrineE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Hormones with short half-lives

Accepted Answer

A)   are usually lipid-soluble.
B)   are maintained at relatively constant levels.
C)   have concentrations that increase slowly.
D)   regulate activities of delayed onset and long duration.
E)   regulate activities of rapid onset and short duration.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 15

All of the following are water-soluble hormones except

Accepted Answer

A)   growth hormone
B)   insulin
C)   thyrotropin-releasing hormone
D)   thyroid-stimulating hormone
E)   thyroid hormoneF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

Accepted Answer

A)   lipid-soluble
B)   protein
C)   water-soluble
D)   amino acid derivativeE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

David has been feeling tired lately, and after having blood work completed, it shows elevated TSH, low iodine, and low thyroid hormone levels. Predict the possible cause from the choices below.

Accepted Answer

A)   David could possibly have a thyroid tumor.
B)   David may have iodine deficiency that is causing his thyroid to produce too little thyroid hormone.
C)   David could have a pituitary gland tumor.
D)   Too little information is given to determine the cause.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease. This is an example of control by __________ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A)   hormonal
B)   neural
C)   humoral
D)   visceralE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

All of the following characteristics of hormones except

Accepted Answer

A)   Hormones alter activity in target cells
B)   Hormones interact specifically with receptors
C)   Hormones are stable in blood until arrival at target cells
D)   Hormones interact with any cells in contact with bloodstreamE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 20

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Accepted Answer

A)   neuropathogen.
B)   neurotransmitter.
C)   neurocrine.
D)   neurohormone.
E)   neurosynthesizer.F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Hormones with short half-lives

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following are water-soluble hormones except

Correct Answer
verified

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

Correct Answer
verified

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following characteristics of hormones except

Correct Answer
verified

After a meal, blood glucose levels rise and stimulate the release of insulin. What type of stimulation is this example?

Correct Answer
verified

What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?

Correct Answer
verified

David has been feeling tired lately, and after having blood work completed, it shows elevated TSH, low iodine, and low thyroid hormone levels. Predict the possible cause from the choices below.

Correct Answer
verified

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Correct Answer
verified

Secretion of one hormone by the action of another hormone is control by _______ stimuli.

Correct Answer
verified

Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following events occurs last?

Correct Answer
verified

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -paracrine

Correct Answer
verified

In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of

Correct Answer
verified

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease. This is an example of control by __________ stimuli.

Correct Answer
verified

What do all hormones have in common?

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following chemical messengers may be listed in multiple functional classes except

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Hormones with short half-lives

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are water-soluble hormones except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which chemical type of hormone has a longer half-life?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The half-life of a hormone allows one to determine

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a regulatory protein associated with membrane-bound receptor molecules?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following characteristics of hormones except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After a meal, blood glucose levels rise and stimulate the release of insulin. What type of stimulation is this example?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of chemical messenger stimulates the cell that originally secreted it?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

David has been feeling tired lately, and after having blood work completed, it shows elevated TSH, low iodine, and low thyroid hormone levels. Predict the possible cause from the choices below.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An intercellular chemical signal that is produced by neurons but functions like a hormone would be called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Secretion of one hormone by the action of another hormone is control by _______ stimuli.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lipid-soluble hormones can be more easily excreted once they have water-soluble molecules added to their structure in a process called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following events occurs last?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the chemical signal with the appropriate description. -paracrine

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In some forms of diabetes, an insensitivity to insulin seems to be present. This insensitivity could be the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parathyroid hormone is released when blood calcium levels decrease. This is an example of control by __________ stimuli.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do all hormones have in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following chemical messengers may be listed in multiple functional classes except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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