Question 1

By what mechanism do acid/base buffer systems minimize pH changes?

Accepted Answer

A)   By converting weak bases to strong bases
B)   By converting strong acids to weak acids
C)   By increasing the respiratory rate
D)   By promoting the renal excretion of hydrogen ionsE) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following contains the greatest percentage of total body water?

Accepted Answer

A)   Transcellular fluid
B)   Blood
C)   Extracellular fluid
D)   Intracellular fluidE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

The primary regulator of water intake is the mechanism of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The primary regulator of water intake is...

Question 4

As body cells increase their carbon-dioxide production, the pH of the blood will __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease
B)   increase
C)   not be changedD) A) and C)
E) All of the above

Question 5

What type of acid-base imbalance can result from the ingestion of too muchsodium bicarbonate to relieve indigestion?

Accepted Answer

A)   Respiratory acidosis
B)   Respiratory alkalosis
C)   Metabolic acidosis
D)   Metabolic alkalosisE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Typically, the greatest loss of fluid and electrolytes occurs as a result of the function of the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Typically, the greatest loss of fluid and...

Question 7

The hormone called __________, secreted by the __________, regulates the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in extracellular fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)   aldosterone; adrenal cortex
B)   aldosterone; hypothalamus
C)   antidiuretic hormone; hypothalamus
D)   antidiuretic hormone; adrenal cortexE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a physiological buffer?

Accepted Answer

A)   Bicarbonate buffer system
B)   Phosphate buffer system
C)   Protein/amino-acid buffer system
D)   Respiratory systemE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Marielle is very thirsty following her tennis game. She drinks for a few minutes, then stops. What stimulus caused her to stop drinking?

Accepted Answer

A)   Distension of herstomach
B)   Hormones secreted by her stomach cells
C)   Changes in herextracellular-fluid concentration
D)   A signal from her brainstemE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 10

The __________ groups of amino acids and proteins can release hydrogen ions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ groups of amino acids and...

Question 11

Increased blood levels of the hormone ADH increases urine production.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What type of compound will release the most hydrogen ions in a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)   Strong acid
B)   Weak acid
C)   Srong base
D)   Weak baseE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Any factor that alters water balance will also alter electrolyte balance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The breakdown of glucose, the incomplete oxidation of fatty acids, and the breakdown of nucleic acids have what in common?

Accepted Answer

A)   Release of hydrogen ions
B)   Release of sodium ions
C)   Release of hydroxide ions
D)   Release of oxygenE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 15

Fluid crosses boundaries between fluid compartments by what mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)   Diffusion and osmosis
B)   Hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure
C)   Pinocytosis and phagocytosis
D)   Active and passive transportE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

In the phosphate buffer system, which compound is the acid?

Accepted Answer

A)   Monohydrogen phosphate
B)   Dihydrogen phosphateC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 17

The average adult female body contains relatively more __________ and less __________ than the average adult male body.

Accepted Answer

A)   water; adipose tissue
B)   water; muscle tissue
C)   adipose tissue; water
D)   muscle tissue; waterE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

After working in her yard on a hot afternoon, Caroline has become dehydrated. As a result of the altered plasma-solute concentration, fluids will shift between compartments. Which of the following would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fluid shifts from the extracellular compartment to the intracellular comparartment.
B)   Fluid shifts from the intracellular compartment to the extracellular comparartment.C) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 19

By what means would a person in a moderate environment (temp. of 60-70 oF with low humidity)  lose the greatest amount of water?

Accepted Answer

A)   Sweating
B)   Insensible perspiration
C)   Urination
D)   BreathingE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 20

What type of acid-base imbalance can result from prolonged vomiting in which only the stomach contents are lost?

Accepted Answer

A)   Respiratory acidosis
B)   Respiratory alkalosis
C)   Metabolic acidosis
D)   Metabolic alkalosisE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 18: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

By what mechanism do acid/base buffer systems minimize pH changes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following contains the greatest percentage of total body water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of acid-base imbalance can result from prolonged vomiting in which only the stomach contents are lost?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hormone called __________, secreted by the __________, regulates the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in extracellular fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As body cells increase their carbon-dioxide production, the pH of the blood will __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Any factor that alters water balance will also alter electrolyte balance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The __________ groups of amino acids and proteins can release hydrogen ions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the phosphate buffer system, which compound is the acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of compound will release the most hydrogen ions in a solution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Typically, the greatest loss of fluid and electrolytes occurs as a result of the function of the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The primary regulator of water intake is the mechanism of __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marielle is very thirsty following her tennis game. She drinks for a few minutes, then stops. What stimulus caused her to stop drinking?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of a physiological buffer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fluid crosses boundaries between fluid compartments by what mechanisms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By what means would a person in a moderate environment (temp. of 60-70 oF with low humidity) lose the greatest amount of water?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The average adult female body contains relatively more __________ and less __________ than the average adult male body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The breakdown of glucose, the incomplete oxidation of fatty acids, and the breakdown of nucleic acids have what in common?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After working in her yard on a hot afternoon, Caroline has become dehydrated. As a result of the altered plasma-solute concentration, fluids will shift between compartments. Which of the following would occur?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increased blood levels of the hormone ADH increases urine production.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of acid-base imbalance can result from the ingestion of too muchsodium bicarbonate to relieve indigestion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The hormone called , secreted by the , regulates the concentration of sodium and potassium ions in extracellular fluid.

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By what means would a person in a moderate environment (temp. of 60-70 ^oF with low humidity) lose the greatest amount of water?

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The average adult female body contains relatively more and less than the average adult male body.

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