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Microorganisms like yeasts prefer high-sugar foods but are particularly drawn to


A) fruits and vegetables.
B) cheese and bread.
C) eggs and meats.
D) alcoholic beverages and sodas.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Meat can be kept longer in the refrigerator when it is irradiated.

A) True
B) False

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The prime biological factor involved in food spoilage is microorganisms that include all of the following except


A) viruses.
B) bacteria.
C) yeasts.
D) molds.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Based on research, which fresh-cut fruit has the greatest vitamin C loss after six days?


A) kiwi
B) pineapple
C) cantaloupe
D) watermelon

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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What is irradiation? Describe how the process works and list what types of foods benefit from irradiation and which ones should not be subject to irradiation, and why. How do consumers know if a food has been irradiated?

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Irradiation is a food preservation proce...

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Overcooking is avoided in the sous-vide process because the food never gets hotter than the


A) products.
B) cell walls.
C) water bath.
D) steam.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates that approximately _____% of all food is lost to food spoilage.


A) 5
B) 20
C) 35
D) 50

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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The process of pasteurization destroys


A) the cell walls of the microorganisms.
B) all the microorganisms, pathogenic and otherwise.
C) non-spore-forming pathogenic microorganisms.
D) microorganisms and prions, pathogenic or not.
E) only certain spore-forming microorganisms.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In general, foods can be kept frozen for 2 to 12 months.

A) True
B) False

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The green Radura symbol identifies irradiated food.

A) True
B) False

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Discuss the history of the various food preservation methods. Include the different methods of drying, canning, refrigeration, freezing, and boiling.

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The history of food preservation methods...

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The foods most susceptible to food spoilage are those that


A) are high in sugars and water.
B) contain large concentrations of lipids and proteins.
C) contain large concentrations of proteins and/or water.
D) contain large concentrations of water.
E) contain proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Most of the physical changes that cause food spoilage are due to improper or overly long storage.

A) True
B) False

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Irradiation does all of the following except


A) lengthens shelf life.
B) sterilizes or kills insects.
C) changes nutrient content of foods.
D) reduces spoilage.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Definition choices:

Premises
fermentation
cure
edible coating
pickling
sterilization
Responses
the conversion of carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and alcohol by yeast or bacteria
the elimination of all microorganisms through extended or intense heating or chemical agents
the preservation of foods through acidification
thin layer of material, such as natural wax, oils, and so on, that serves as a barrier to gas and moisture
to preserve food through the use of salt and drying; sugar, spices, or nitrates may also be added

Correct Answer

fermentation
cure
edible coating
pickling
sterilization

Treating foods with gamma radiation renders them less susceptible to deterioration by generating powerful antioxidant molecules within the food.

A) True
B) False

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One of the positive aspects of ozonation is the fact that the food is free of chemical residues.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following foods is not preserved by fermentation?


A) cucumber
B) olive
C) cabbage
D) bacon
E) All of these are correct.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following events spurred the refinement of freeze-drying for the development of complete, lightweight foods that were easily portable?


A) the Vietnam War
B) the Napoleonic War
C) World War I
D) the space race

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) usually changes the air around the food by reducing oxygen and increasing _____ to extend the shelf life of the food.


A) carbon monoxide
B) oxygen
C) carbon dioxide
D) ethylene gas

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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