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Exam 8: Learning and Decision Making

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Question 1

True/False

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Decision making reflects relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge and skills that result from experience.

A) True
B) False

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Question 2

Multiple Choice

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As a project manager with a great deal of training in decision making, Alex is to be taken seriously when he tells his subordinates, "We're in a crisis situation." He is referring to a(n)

A) emergency that will likely make or break the company, thus creating a point of no return.
B) point of sudden change that may well cause serious damage and thus requires deliberate thinking.
C) result of evolving conditions that has the potential to erupt into complete disaster if left unchecked.
D) change, either sudden or evolving, resulting in an urgent problem that has be addressed immediately.
E) circumstance that requires educated minds to address, because intuition alone will not prove adequate.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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________ describes the situation when someone decides to continue to follow a failing course of action.

Explicit knowledge is

When a worker comes late to the work site, others are likely to make an external attribution under conditions of

The president of a country has dedicated the bulk of the country's military power to an invasion of a neighboring country. For a time, the war seems to be going his way. Then the enemy begins to take the offensive, conducting massive encircling movements, taking tens of thousands of prisoners, and forcing whole divisions into retreat. Still the president presses on, ordering more troops to the front, in spite of protests from his generals. This is known as

The ________ schedule reinforces behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited.

Discuss the concept of attribution, as well as faulty attribution, along with the three dimensions-consensus, distinctiveness, consistency-by which people form judgments of other people's actions. How does the level of each (low or high) lead to a judgment of external or internal causes behind another person's behavior? Give examples.

The training instructor at the state police barracks told all the trainees that they had to keep their lockers secured at all times. Brandi forgot and failed to put her lock on, so when the instructor discovered this, he made her mop the bathroom and the hallway of the barracks. This is an example of

The leadership at Morgan Industrial Chemicals has been confronted with a crisis: someone incorrectly filed a purchase order from a key client, thus resulting in a shipment of the wrong materials. Not knowing this, the client proceeded to make use of the chemicals-with disastrous results. This has never happened to the company before, and although they have procedures for addressing various contingencies, the situation at hand requires quick thinking. The task of addressing the problem has fallen to Beth, who is an experienced manager, and she readily comes up with a solution. However, at first glance her idea sounds counterintuitive, and she needs the immediate support of her entire team to get behind her idea quickly. Therefore she should

People with a ________ orientation focus on demonstrating their capabilities so that others will think favorably of them.

Learning has a weak positive effect on commitment.

The dean of the college of arts and sciences held a mixer last night, but was dismayed to see that rather than mixing, the students tended to split off into groups by major: arts and humanities students there, students majoring in the natural sciences there, and social-science majors over there. This is an example of ________ in action.

Soon after becoming the new manager of operations at the Cooper Motors, a local car dealership, Finn discovers that employees are coming in late to work, taking long breaks, and behaving unprofessionally while on the job. After considering the situation, he introduces a new set of guidelines, along with contingencies of reinforcement. Those who show up on time, do not exceed their allotted break schedules, and show themselves behaving professionally at all times while on duty during the next month will enjoy a steak dinner, courtesy of management. Those who fail to meet the requirements, on the other hand, will be invited to stay late for three nights in a row and attend an unpaid training session. The contingencies Finn is planning to implement-the steak dinner on the one hand and the unpaid training sessions on the other-are, respectively,

The simplest schedule of reinforcement is

Relatively permanent changes in an employee's knowledge or skill that result from experience are reflected in that person's

Bounded rationality involves

Identify and explain the two methods of decision making, and give examples of each.

Under enormous pressure to make a decision, Emily ends up selecting the first acceptable solution without considering any more possibilities. Emily has engaged in satisficing behavior.

________ is the removal of positive consequences following an unwanted behavior.