Question 1

Plasma oncotic pressure

Accepted Answer

A)  is caused primarily by salt (sodium chloride) .
B)  "pulls" water into the capillaries from the interstitium.
C)  pushes water out of the capillaries into the interstitium.
D)  increases the flow of lymph.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above B

Question 2

What does urinary specific gravity measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma H+ concentration
B)  Hydration status of the body
C)  Plasma potassium
D)  The buffering capacity of the bloodE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Which fluid compartment is located between the cells and is also called tissue fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymph
B)  Plasma
C)  Interstitial
D)  TranscellularE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following is true of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Also causes blood volume expansion and hypertension
B)  Refers to an elevation in serum potassium
C)  Is most often due to impaired respiratory function
D)  Is due to an accumulation of urea in the bloodE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 5

Hyperkalemia

Accepted Answer

A)  refers to an elevated serum calcium level.
B)  generally develops in response to declining renal function.
C)  is often caused by a kaliuretic diuretic.
D)  is caused by excess aldosterone.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 6

K⁺

Accepted Answer

A)  is a cation.
B)  is an acid.
C)  neutralizes H+.
D)  is the chief extracellular cation.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above A

Question 7

An unconscious diabetic patient with a blood sugar of 450 mg/dL has an elevated temperature and is experiencing Kussmaul respirations.You suspect that

Accepted Answer

A)  he is excreting large amounts of bicarbonate in his urine.
B)  his PO₂ is normal or high-normal.
C)  his blood pH is 7.25.
D)  Two of the above are true.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Where does most of the body's acid come from?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is reabsorbed from the urine by the kidneys.
B)  Metabolic reactions within the body
C)  Ingestion of fruit juices
D)  Ingestion of a variety of sources of bicarbonateE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is most likely to develop in an anxious hyperventilating patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis
B)  Alkalosis
C)  A decrease in plasma pH
D)  KetoacidosisE) None of the above
F) A) and C) B

Question 10

Hyperkalemia refers to an increase in the blood levels of which ion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen
B)  Bicarbonate
C)  Calcium
D)  PotassiumE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Which hormone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and to excrete potassium?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH
B)  Erythropoietin
C)  Aldosterone
D)  PTHE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymph
B)  Interstitial
C)  Plasma
D)  TranscellularE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Which of the following best indicates the role of albumin in water balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blocks the renal reabsorption of Na+
B)  Enhances the renal excretion of K+
C)  Maintains plasma oncotic pressure
D)  "Plugs up" capillary pores,keeping water in the plasmaE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following is a buffer pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  PTH,aldosterone
B)  ADH,ANF
C)  HCO₃-,H₂CO₃
D)  Sodium,potassiumE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following is true of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is characterized by poor skin turgor and "tenting"
B)  Is accompanied by an decrease in urine specific gravity
C)  Causes a shift of water from the vasculature into the interstitium
D)  Is generally treated with a diureticE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

With carbon dioxide retention,CO₂ + H₂O à

Accepted Answer

A)  H₂O₂.
B)  H+ + HCO₃-.
C)  bicarbonate.
D)  H₂O + H₂O.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of which cation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium
B)  Bicarbonate
C)  Chloride
D)  SodiumE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Which of the following acts as a base?

Accepted Answer

A)  H+
B)  OH-
C)  Calcium ion
D)  Gastric juiceE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 19

Bicarbonate (HCO₃-)  is considered an anion because it

Accepted Answer

A)  contains hydrogen.
B)  contains carbon.
C)  contains oxygen.
D)  carries a negative charge.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  is released in response to hypovolemia.
B)  causes Na+ excretion.
C)  causes K+ reabsorption.
D)  determines the permeability of the collecting duct to water.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 25: Water, Electrolyte, and Acidbase Balance

Plasma oncotic pressure

Correct AnswerverifiedB

What does urinary specific gravity measure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which fluid compartment is located between the cells and is also called tissue fluid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of hyperkalemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hyperkalemia

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

K⁺

Correct AnswerverifiedA

An unconscious diabetic patient with a blood sugar of 450 mg/dL has an elevated temperature and is experiencing Kussmaul respirations.You suspect that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where does most of the body's acid come from?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most likely to develop in an anxious hyperventilating patient?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Hyperkalemia refers to an increase in the blood levels of which ion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone causes the kidneys to retain sodium and to excrete potassium?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best indicates the role of albumin in water balance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a buffer pair?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of dehydration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With carbon dioxide retention,CO₂ + H₂O à

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of which cation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following acts as a base?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bicarbonate (HCO₃-) is considered an anion because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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A

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B

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