Question 1

When comparing the sequences of a homologous gene in four different species,one pair of species shows a 1% difference,whereas the other pair shows a 3% difference.Which pair diverged longer ago from their common ancestor and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pair with a 1% difference;a smaller difference (1% instead of 3%) indicates that there has been less time to accumulate mutations.
B)  The pair with a 1% difference;a smaller difference (1% instead of 3%) indicates that there has been more time to accumulate mutations.
C)  The pair with a 3% difference;A larger difference (3% instead of 1%) indicates that there has been less time to accumulate mutations.
D)  The pair with a 3% difference;A larger difference (3% instead of 1%) indicates that there has been more time to accumulate mutations.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Of the taxonomic groups listed below,which is the broadest (contains the most species) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  Order
B)  Class
C)  Family
D)  Phylum
E)  KingdomF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

If the genus Quercus (oaks) is monophyletic,then this means that all species of oaks

Accepted Answer

A)  grow in similar habitats.
B)  are morphologically very similar.
C)  are descended from a common ancestor.
D)  cannot be classified in a single family or order.
E)  have undergone horizontal gene transfer sometime in their evolutionary history.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Consider the following cladogram and list of characteristics: 
  Moss Fern Conifer Flowering Plant  Chlorophylls a&b Yes  Yes  Yes  Yes  Vascular tissue  No  Yes  Yes  Yes  Seeds  No  No  Yes  Yes  Flowers  No  No  No  Yes \begin{array}{r}	ext { Moss Fern Conifer Flowering Plant }\\begin{array} { l c c c c } 	ext { Chlorophylls } a \& b & 	ext { Yes } & 	ext { Yes } & 	ext { Yes } & 	ext { Yes } \	ext { Vascular tissue } & 	ext { No } & 	ext { Yes } & 	ext { Yes } & 	ext { Yes } \	ext { Seeds } & 	ext { No } & 	ext { No } & 	ext { Yes } & 	ext { Yes } \	ext { Flowers } & 	ext { No } & 	ext { No } & 	ext { No } & 	ext { Yes }\end{array}\end{array} Moss Fern Conifer Flowering Plant  Chlorophylls a&b Vascular tissue  Seeds  Flowers ​ Yes  No  No  No ​ Yes  Yes  No  No ​ Yes  Yes  Yes  No ​ Yes  Yes  Yes  Yes ​​ 
Based on what you know about the principle of parsimony,which of the following is most likely a shared derived character of conifers and flowering plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlorophylls a & b.
B)  Vascular tissue.
C)  Seeds.
D)  Flowers.
E)  Both seeds and flowers. F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

The scientific name for the golden crayfish is Orconectes luteus.Based on this information,the crayfish is a member of what genus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orconectes luteus.
B)  Orconectes.
C)  luteus.
D)  O.luteus.
E)  Orconectes l.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 6

A phylogenetic tree shows the hypothesized evolutionary relationships among organisms,meaning that its structure can be revised and changed as new information about those relationships becomes known.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of these phylogenetic trees best demonstrates cladogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tree 1
B)  Tree 2
C)  Tree 3
D)  Both Tree 2 and Tree 3
E)  Both Tree 1 and Tree 2F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Can two different species that are members of the same clade have more than one common ancestor? Choose the MOST correct answer and explanation.

Accepted Answer

A)  No.Because they are members of a clade,by definition they can have only one common ancestor.
B)  Maybe.Two species in the same clade can have more than one common ancestor only in cases where horizontal gene transfer from a third,previously unrelated,species has occurred.
C)  Maybe.If they are members of a clade that is not monophyletic,they can have more than one common ancestor.
D)  Yes.Although two species in the same clade have only one most recent common ancestor,they also have a number of older common ancestors that occurred earlier in their evolutionary history.
E)  Yes.Two species of the same clade always have eight common ancestors,matching the number of levels higher than species in the taxonomic hierarchy.F) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

In the cladogram shown,the animals across the top are a lancelet,lamprey,salmon,lizard,and rabbit (from left to right) .If the salmon,lizard,and rabbit are an ingroup,which animals would be an outgroup and which characteristics are necessary to be in the ingroup?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lamprey and lancelet;notochord and vertebrae.
B)  Lamprey only;vertebrae,hinged jaw,tetrapod,and mammary glands.
C)  Lancelet and lamprey;hinged jaw,tetrapod,and mammary glands.
D)  Lancelet,lamprey and salmon;hinged jaw,tetrapod,and mammary glands.
E)  Lizard and rabbit;tetrapod and mammary glands.F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

A branching point in a phylogenetic tree is called a _________;it illustrates that _______ has occurred.

Accepted Answer

A)  break;extinction of a species.
B)  clade;cladogenesis.
C)  node;cladogenesis.
D)  node;anagenesis.
E)  break;anagenesis.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

A modern goal of systematics is to classify organisms based on similarity of form and function,regardless of their evolutionary relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

When a species consisting of a single large population slowly evolves over many generations into a new species,this an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a shared derived character.
B)  cladogenesis.
C)  anagenesis.
D)  monospeciation.
E)  horizonal gene transfer.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

Consider the following cladogram and list of characteristics:

Moss Fern Conifer Flowering Plant  Chlorophylls a&b Yes  Yes Yes  Yes  Vascular tissue  No  Yes Yes  Yes  Seeds  No  No Yes  Yes  Flowers  No  No No  Yes \begin{array}{r}	ext { Moss Fern Conifer Flowering Plant }\\begin{array}{lccc}	ext { Chlorophylls } a \& b & 	ext { Yes } & 	ext { Yes Yes } & 	ext { Yes } \	ext { Vascular tissue } & 	ext { No } & 	ext { Yes Yes } & 	ext { Yes } \	ext { Seeds } & 	ext { No } & 	ext { No Yes } & 	ext { Yes } \	ext { Flowers } & 	ext { No } & 	ext { No No } & 	ext { Yes }\end{array}\end{array} Moss Fern Conifer Flowering Plant  Chlorophylls a&b Vascular tissue  Seeds  Flowers ​ Yes  No  No  No ​ Yes Yes  Yes Yes  No Yes  No No ​ Yes  Yes  Yes  Yes ​​ 
Based on what you know about the principle of parsimony,which of the following is most likely a shared primitive character of mosses,ferns,conifers,and flowering plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlorophylls a & b.
B)  Vascular tissue.
C)  Seeds.
D)  Flowers.
E)  Both chlorophylls a and b and seeds. F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

What kind of molecular information is commonly used to study phylogeny among species that diverged from a common ancestor relatively long ago?

Accepted Answer

A)  Whole genomes because they are easy to obtain.
B)  Segments of cellular membrane proteins because the proteins,coded by DNA,are found in all living organisms.
C)  The mitochondrial genome because it easily incurs neutral mutations.
D)  Small ribosomal subunit (SSU) RNA because it is found in the genomes of all living organisms.
E)  DNA sequences within introns because their sequences change rapidly over evolutionary timE.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

How does the phenomenon of horizontal gene transfer muddle the concept of monophyletic groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  Monophyletic groups are based on the concept that a particular group of species descended from a common ancestor.When horizontal gene transfer occurs in the common ancestor,any species to which it gives rise can no longer be considered descendent species.
B)  Monophyletic groups are based on the concept that a particular group of species descended from a common ancestor.When horizontal gene transfer occurs,not all of the genes in a species were inherited from the common ancestor.
C)  Monophyletic groups are based on the concept that members of a particular group of species are related to one another at a particular taxonomic rank.However,a species that undergoes horizontal gene transfer no longer belongs to that taxon and the group is no longer monophyletiC.
D)  Monophyletic groups are based on the concept that members of a particular group of species are related to one another at a particular taxonomic rank.An unrelated species that undergoes horizontal gene transfer can become more closely related to members of a different group,and the group is no longer monophyletic.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Consider the following DNA sequences for four different species:
1: AATCG
2: TAATG
3: ATACC
4: ATAGG
Based on the principle of parsimony,which species shares a most recent common ancestor with a species having the sequence TTACC?

Accepted Answer

A)  Species 1
B)  Species 2
C)  Species 3
D)  Species 4E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Linnaeus began naming organisms that were alike using Latin names.He gave each organism two names;for example,the pigmy rattlesnake is called Sistrurus miliarius by scientists.What type of naming system is this and what group does "miliarius" designate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binomial nomenclature;genus.
B)  Binomial nomenclature;species.
C)  Polynomial nomenclature;genus.
D)  Polynomial nomenclature;species.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a domain?

Accepted Answer

A)  EukaryA.
B)  Archaea.
C)  Protista.
D)  Bacteria.
E)  Both Bacteria and Protista.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 21: Taxonomy and Systematics

A phylogenetic tree shows the hypothesized evolutionary relationships among organisms,meaning that its structure can be revised and changed as new information about those relationships becomes known.

Correct Answer
verified

In the cladogram shown,the animals across the top are a lancelet,lamprey,salmon,lizard,and rabbit (from left to right) .If the salmon,lizard,and rabbit are an ingroup,which animals would be an outgroup and which characteristics are necessary to be in the ingroup?

Correct Answer
verified

How does the phenomenon of horizontal gene transfer muddle the concept of monophyletic groups?

Correct Answer
verified

A branching point in a phylogenetic tree is called a ___;it illustrates that _ has occurred.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

If the genus Quercus (oaks) is monophyletic,then this means that all species of oaks

Correct Answer
verified

When comparing the sequences of a homologous gene in four different species,one pair of species shows a 1% difference,whereas the other pair shows a 3% difference.Which pair diverged longer ago from their common ancestor and why?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT a domain?

Correct Answer
verified

Can two different species that are members of the same clade have more than one common ancestor? Choose the MOST correct answer and explanation.

Correct Answer
verified

A modern goal of systematics is to classify organisms based on similarity of form and function,regardless of their evolutionary relationships.

Correct Answer
verified

Of the taxonomic groups listed below,which is the broadest (contains the most species) ?

Correct Answer
verified

Linnaeus began naming organisms that were alike using Latin names.He gave each organism two names;for example,the pigmy rattlesnake is called Sistrurus miliarius by scientists.What type of naming system is this and what group does "miliarius" designate?

Correct Answer
verified

When a species consisting of a single large population slowly evolves over many generations into a new species,this an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of these phylogenetic trees best demonstrates cladogenesis?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The scientific name for the golden crayfish is Orconectes luteus.Based on this information,the crayfish is a member of what genus?

Correct Answer
verified

Consider the following DNA sequences for four different species: 1: AATCG 2: TAATG 3: ATACC 4: ATAGG Based on the principle of parsimony,which species shares a most recent common ancestor with a species having the sequence TTACC?

Correct Answer
verified

What kind of molecular information is commonly used to study phylogeny among species that diverged from a common ancestor relatively long ago?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 21: Taxonomy and Systematics

A phylogenetic tree shows the hypothesized evolutionary relationships among organisms,meaning that its structure can be revised and changed as new information about those relationships becomes known.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the cladogram shown,the animals across the top are a lancelet,lamprey,salmon,lizard,and rabbit (from left to right) .If the salmon,lizard,and rabbit are an ingroup,which animals would be an outgroup and which characteristics are necessary to be in the ingroup?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the phenomenon of horizontal gene transfer muddle the concept of monophyletic groups?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A branching point in a phylogenetic tree is called a _________;it illustrates that _______ has occurred.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the genus Quercus (oaks) is monophyletic,then this means that all species of oaks

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When comparing the sequences of a homologous gene in four different species,one pair of species shows a 1% difference,whereas the other pair shows a 3% difference.Which pair diverged longer ago from their common ancestor and why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a domain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Can two different species that are members of the same clade have more than one common ancestor? Choose the MOST correct answer and explanation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A modern goal of systematics is to classify organisms based on similarity of form and function,regardless of their evolutionary relationships.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the taxonomic groups listed below,which is the broadest (contains the most species) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Linnaeus began naming organisms that were alike using Latin names.He gave each organism two names;for example,the pigmy rattlesnake is called Sistrurus miliarius by scientists.What type of naming system is this and what group does "miliarius" designate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a species consisting of a single large population slowly evolves over many generations into a new species,this an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these phylogenetic trees best demonstrates cladogenesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The scientific name for the golden crayfish is Orconectes luteus.Based on this information,the crayfish is a member of what genus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Consider the following DNA sequences for four different species: 1: AATCG 2: TAATG 3: ATACC 4: ATAGG Based on the principle of parsimony,which species shares a most recent common ancestor with a species having the sequence TTACC?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What kind of molecular information is commonly used to study phylogeny among species that diverged from a common ancestor relatively long ago?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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A branching point in a phylogenetic tree is called a ___;it illustrates that _ has occurred.

Correct Answer
verified

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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