Question 1

Which is the true stomach of a ruminant?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cecum
B)   Reticulum
C)   Rumen
D)   Omasum
E)   AbomasumF) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 2

When fat reserves are depleted, plasma proteins are used for energy.Metabolism of plasma proteins _______ the osmotic concentration of the plasma, causing _______ movement of fluid to the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases; decreased; interstitial spaces
B)   decreases; increased; interstitial spaces
C)   changes; increased; plasma
D)   stabilizes; no net; interstitial spaces
E)   decreases; decreased; interstitial spacesF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Refer to the table.In mice, a single-gene mutation can lead to obesity.The Ob gene codes for the protein leptin.The recessive ob allele is a loss-of-function allele, so ob/ob mice do not produce leptin.In an experiment, leptin was injected into ob/ob and Ob/Ob (wild-type) mice daily.The data in the table below were collected before the injections began (baseline) and 10 days later.(Assume that the Ob allele is dominant.)  Suppose that on day 11 of the study, the leptin injections are halted and measurements on the mice are taken again at day 20.What values for food intake, body mass, metabolic rate, and body temperature might one reasonably expect to observe at day 20?

Accepted Answer

The values should be...

Question 4

The gut of a vertebrate is often described as an elongated tube consisting of four layers of different cell types.Which represents the correct order of those layers, from innermost (lumen-facing)  to outermost?

Accepted Answer

A)   Submucosa, cartilage, mucosa, endoplasmic reticulum
B)   Smooth muscle layers, submucosa, mucosa, cartilage
C)   Cartilage, smooth muscle layers, mucosa, circular muscle
D)   Mucosa, submucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle
E)   Cartilage, mucosa, endoplasmic reticulum, submucosaF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 5

Why would taking megadoses of vitamin A be more risky for your health than taking megadoses of niacin?

Accepted Answer

Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin, so ex...

Question 6

Create a flow chart of the following organs, indicating the order in which they occur from the start to the end of the human gut: small intestine, anus, esophagus, large intestine, mouth, and stomach.Indicate in which of these organs chemical digestion occurs, and the particular nutrient (e.g., fat, protein) being broken down.Also, indicate in which of the organs absorption occurs, and the particular nutrient or substance absorbed.

Accepted Answer

See the sa...

Question 7

Which feature protects the walls of the stomach against the action of its own digestive juices?

Accepted Answer

A)   An antienzyme chemical formed by the gastric glands
B)   The nervous reactions of the lining of the stomach
C)   Control by a center in the medulla of the brain
D)   A mucus coating on the stomach's inner surface
E)   Alkaline secretions of the gastric glands that neutralize the acidic secretionsF) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

We can synthesize almost all the lipids required by our bodies from acetyl units obtained from carbohydrates or fats, but we must have a dietary source of essential _______, notably linoleic acid.

Accepted Answer

The answer of We can synthesize almost all the lipids...

Question 9

You get up late and rush to class without eating breakfast.You have the energy to make it through to lunch because

Accepted Answer

A)   your liver has been converting glycogen into glucose and releasing this into your blood.
B)   your liver has been converting monosaccharides and amino acids into glycogen.
C)   your muscles have been releasing glycogen into your blood.
D)   your muscles have been using aerobic processes to raise lactate levels in your blood.
E)   your pancreas has been stimulated to secrete insulin, raising blood glucose levels.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 10

A high level of glucose in the bloodstream would trigger secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)   glucagon.
B)   fructose.
C)   VLDLs.
D)   HDLs.
E)   insulin.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

Choose the correct pairing between vitamin or mineral and the associated deficiency disease.

Accepted Answer

A)   Iodine: anemia
B)   Thiamin (B1) : scurvy
C)   Iron: goiter
D)   Retinol (
A)  : night blindness
E)   Folic acid: unwanted hairinessF) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Adventurers attempting to recreate the Polynesians' months- or years-long trips across the ocean would likely carry _______ with them to avoid the ascorbic acid deficiency called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   corn; beriberi
B)   meat; kwashiorkor
C)   liver; pellagra
D)   citrus fruits; scurvy
E)   dairy products; ricketsF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

How does cotransport of sodium in a symporter facilitate glucose absorption?

Accepted Answer

A)   Active transport of sodium ions aids in salt uptake.
B)   When sodium ions diffuse into cells, glucose is carried along with it.
C)   When sodium ions are pumped into cells, glucose moves out of the cells.
D)   When sodium ions diffuse out of the cell, they are exchanged for glucose moving into cells.
E)   ATP is used to actively transport glucose into cells along with sodium ions.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 14

You have two cages of mice that have been allowed to feed at will.One cage contains mice lacking leptin receptors, and the other contains mice lacking ghrelin receptors.The tags on the cages have been lost, but you reason that the cage of obese mice must be the ones lacking _______ receptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have two cages of mice that...

Question 15

Which action is part of the reflexes that occur during swallowing?

Accepted Answer

A)   Peristalsis ends.
B)   The esophageal sphincter contracts.
C)   The vocal cords pull apart.
D)   The larynx moves down and backward.
E)   The epiglottis covers the entrance to the larynx.F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 16

Refer to the figure showing a shark.  In area A of the digestive tract of this shark, you would expect to find enzymes, primarily _______, which hydrolyze bonds between amino acids.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to the figure showing a shark....

Question 17

Jerry has not eaten for several hours.His blood glucose levels have fallen below normal, so Jerry's body releases the hormone _______ to bring his body back to homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jerry has not eaten for several hours.His...

Question 18

Which feature characterizes the submucosa layer of the vertebrate gut?

Accepted Answer

A)   Contains epithelial cells that secrete mucus
B)   Consists of epithelial cells underlain by connective tissue
C)   Includes two layers of smooth muscle responsible for gut movement
D)   Has a network of nerves
E)   Contains epithelial cells that secrete digestive enzymes and hormonesF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

Which statement about vitamins is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Vitamins, unlike essential amino acids and fatty acids, are not organic molecules.
B)   Most vertebrates require the same vitamins.
C)   Vitamins function mostly as building blocks for proteins.
D)   Vitamins are required in relatively large amounts.
E)   Humans require more water-soluble vitamins than fat-soluble vitamins.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 20

The organ that controls most of the balance between circulating and storing nutrients is the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The organ that controls most of the...

Exam 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Choose the correct pairing between vitamin or mineral and the associated deficiency disease.

Correct Answer
verified

We can synthesize almost all the lipids required by our bodies from acetyl units obtained from carbohydrates or fats, but we must have a dietary source of essential _______, notably linoleic acid.

Correct Answer
verified

The gut of a vertebrate is often described as an elongated tube consisting of four layers of different cell types.Which represents the correct order of those layers, from innermost (lumen-facing) to outermost?

Correct Answer
verified

Which feature characterizes the submucosa layer of the vertebrate gut?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
See the sa...
View Answer

Which statement about vitamins is true?

Correct Answer
verified

Which action is part of the reflexes that occur during swallowing?

Correct Answer
verified

Adventurers attempting to recreate the Polynesians' months- or years-long trips across the ocean would likely carry _ with them to avoid the ascorbic acid deficiency called _.

Correct Answer
verified

A high level of glucose in the bloodstream would trigger secretion of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The values should be...
View Answer

You get up late and rush to class without eating breakfast.You have the energy to make it through to lunch because

Correct Answer
verified

Why would taking megadoses of vitamin A be more risky for your health than taking megadoses of niacin?

Correct Answer
verified
Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin, so ex...
View Answer

How does cotransport of sodium in a symporter facilitate glucose absorption?

Correct Answer
verified

You have two cages of mice that have been allowed to feed at will.One cage contains mice lacking leptin receptors, and the other contains mice lacking ghrelin receptors.The tags on the cages have been lost, but you reason that the cage of obese mice must be the ones lacking _______ receptors.

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to the figure showing a shark. In area A of the digestive tract of this shark, you would expect to find enzymes, primarily _______, which hydrolyze bonds between amino acids.

Correct Answer
verified

The organ that controls most of the balance between circulating and storing nutrients is the _______.

Correct Answer
verified

Jerry has not eaten for several hours.His blood glucose levels have fallen below normal, so Jerry's body releases the hormone _______ to bring his body back to homeostasis.

Correct Answer
verified

Which is the true stomach of a ruminant?

Correct Answer
verified

Which feature protects the walls of the stomach against the action of its own digestive juices?

Correct Answer
verified

When fat reserves are depleted, plasma proteins are used for energy.Metabolism of plasma proteins ___ the osmotic concentration of the plasma, causing _ movement of fluid to the _____.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 50: Nutrition, Digestion, and Absorption

Choose the correct pairing between vitamin or mineral and the associated deficiency disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We can synthesize almost all the lipids required by our bodies from acetyl units obtained from carbohydrates or fats, but we must have a dietary source of essential _______, notably linoleic acid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The gut of a vertebrate is often described as an elongated tube consisting of four layers of different cell types.Which represents the correct order of those layers, from innermost (lumen-facing) to outermost?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which feature characterizes the submucosa layer of the vertebrate gut?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedSee the sa...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement about vitamins is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which action is part of the reflexes that occur during swallowing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adventurers attempting to recreate the Polynesians' months- or years-long trips across the ocean would likely carry _______ with them to avoid the ascorbic acid deficiency called _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A high level of glucose in the bloodstream would trigger secretion of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedThe values should be...View AnswerShow Answer

You get up late and rush to class without eating breakfast.You have the energy to make it through to lunch because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why would taking megadoses of vitamin A be more risky for your health than taking megadoses of niacin?

Correct AnswerverifiedNiacin is a water-soluble vitamin, so ex...View AnswerShow Answer

How does cotransport of sodium in a symporter facilitate glucose absorption?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have two cages of mice that have been allowed to feed at will.One cage contains mice lacking leptin receptors, and the other contains mice lacking ghrelin receptors.The tags on the cages have been lost, but you reason that the cage of obese mice must be the ones lacking _______ receptors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to the figure showing a shark. In area A of the digestive tract of this shark, you would expect to find enzymes, primarily _______, which hydrolyze bonds between amino acids.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The organ that controls most of the balance between circulating and storing nutrients is the _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jerry has not eaten for several hours.His blood glucose levels have fallen below normal, so Jerry's body releases the hormone _______ to bring his body back to homeostasis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is the true stomach of a ruminant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which feature protects the walls of the stomach against the action of its own digestive juices?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When fat reserves are depleted, plasma proteins are used for energy.Metabolism of plasma proteins _______ the osmotic concentration of the plasma, causing _______ movement of fluid to the _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
See the sa...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Adventurers attempting to recreate the Polynesians' months- or years-long trips across the ocean would likely carry _ with them to avoid the ascorbic acid deficiency called _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The values should be...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Niacin is a water-soluble vitamin, so ex...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

When fat reserves are depleted, plasma proteins are used for energy.Metabolism of plasma proteins ___ the osmotic concentration of the plasma, causing _ movement of fluid to the _____.

Correct Answer
verified