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A rock contains 0.37 mg of Pb-206 and 0.95 mg of U-238.Approximately how many U-238 atoms were in the rock when it was formed billions of years ago? (The half life for 238U → 206Pb is 4.51 × 109 yr.)


A) 1.32 atoms
B) 5.8 × 10-6 atoms
C) 2.4 × 1018 atoms
D) 3.3 × 1018 atoms
E) 3.5 × 1021 atoms

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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In the following reaction,identify X. In the following reaction,identify X.   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)   .


A) In the following reaction,identify X.   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)
B) In the following reaction,identify X.   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)
C) In the following reaction,identify X.   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)
D) In the following reaction,identify X.   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)
E) In the following reaction,identify X.   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Alpha decay is not observed for isotopes of elements with atomic numbers less than 83.

A) True
B) False

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How many 14C atoms are in a charcoal sample that has a decay rate of 3500 disintegrations per min? (For 14C,t1/2 = 5730 yr.)


A) 2.9 × 107 atoms
B) 8.0 × 10-7 atoms
C) 1.4 × 1014 atoms
D) 1.5 × 1013 atoms
E) 6.02 × 1020 atoms

F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

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All isotopes of elements with atomic numbers higher than 83 (Bi)are radioactive.

A) True
B) False

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What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for   ? (1 kg = 6.022 × 10<sup>26</sup> amu; C = 2.99792458 × 10<sup>8</sup> m/s)  Particle Mass (amu)    24.985839   1.007276   1.008665 A) 0.214 J/nucleon B) 3.20 × 10<sup>-11</sup> J/nucleon C) 1.28 × 10<sup>-12</sup> J/nucleon D) 0.999 J/nucleon E) 7.35 × 10<sup>-11</sup> J/nucleon ? (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s) Particle Mass (amu) What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for   ? (1 kg = 6.022 × 10<sup>26</sup> amu; C = 2.99792458 × 10<sup>8</sup> m/s)  Particle Mass (amu)    24.985839   1.007276   1.008665 A) 0.214 J/nucleon B) 3.20 × 10<sup>-11</sup> J/nucleon C) 1.28 × 10<sup>-12</sup> J/nucleon D) 0.999 J/nucleon E) 7.35 × 10<sup>-11</sup> J/nucleon 24.985839 What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for   ? (1 kg = 6.022 × 10<sup>26</sup> amu; C = 2.99792458 × 10<sup>8</sup> m/s)  Particle Mass (amu)    24.985839   1.007276   1.008665 A) 0.214 J/nucleon B) 3.20 × 10<sup>-11</sup> J/nucleon C) 1.28 × 10<sup>-12</sup> J/nucleon D) 0.999 J/nucleon E) 7.35 × 10<sup>-11</sup> J/nucleon 1.007276 What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon for   ? (1 kg = 6.022 × 10<sup>26</sup> amu; C = 2.99792458 × 10<sup>8</sup> m/s)  Particle Mass (amu)    24.985839   1.007276   1.008665 A) 0.214 J/nucleon B) 3.20 × 10<sup>-11</sup> J/nucleon C) 1.28 × 10<sup>-12</sup> J/nucleon D) 0.999 J/nucleon E) 7.35 × 10<sup>-11</sup> J/nucleon 1.008665


A) 0.214 J/nucleon
B) 3.20 × 10-11 J/nucleon
C) 1.28 × 10-12 J/nucleon
D) 0.999 J/nucleon
E) 7.35 × 10-11 J/nucleon

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation. Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.   .  A)   B)    C)    D)    E) None of the answers is correct. .


A) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.   .  A)   B)    C)    D)    E) None of the answers is correct.
B) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.   .  A)   B)    C)    D)    E) None of the answers is correct.
C) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.   .  A)   B)    C)    D)    E) None of the answers is correct.
D) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.   .  A)   B)    C)    D)    E) None of the answers is correct.
E) None of the answers is correct.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation. Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)


A) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) Identify the missing species in the following nuclear transmutation.   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon of uranium-234? Particle Mass (amu) U-234 234) 040947 Neutron 1) 008701 Proton 1) 007316 Electron 0) 000549 [1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; c = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s]


A) 2.75 × 10-10 J/nucleon
B) 3.04 × 10-10 J/nucleon
C) 1.38 × 10-12 J/nucleon
D) 1.27 × 10-12 J/nucleon
E) 1.18 × 10-12 J/nucleon

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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A typical radius of an atomic nucleus is about


A) 100 μm.
B) 5000 mm.
C) 100 nm.
D) 5 × 10-3 pm.
E) 500 pm.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

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What is the nuclear binding energy per nucleon of potassium-40? Particle Mass (amu) K-40 39) 9632591 Neutron 1) 008701 Proton 1) 007316 Electron 0) 000549 (1 kg = 6.022 × 1026 amu; NA = 6.022 × 1023 mol-1; C = 2.99792458 × 108 m/s)


A) 1.33 × 10-12 J/nucleon
B) 5.33 × 10-11 J/nucleon
C) 5.64 × 10-11 J/nucleon
D) 1.41 × 10-12 J/nucleon
E) 2.97 × 10-12 J/nucleon

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Which isotope,when bombarded with bismuth-209,would yield two neutrons and an isotope with atomic number 121 and mass number 299?


A) Pb-211
B) Po-209
C) Sr-92
D) Rn-38
E) Sr-38

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Calcium-39 undergoes positron decay.Each positron carries 5.49 MeV of energy.How much energy will be emitted when 0.00250 mol of calcium-39 decays? (1 MeV = 1.602 × 10-13 J)


A) 13.2 kJ
B) 1.32 × 104 kJ
C) 1.32 × 106 kJ
D) 1.32 × 109 kJ
E) None of these choices is correct.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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A 30.0-kg child receives 2.65 × 107 β particles,each with an energy of 4.60 × 10-13 J.If the RBE = 0.78,how many millirem did the child receive?


A) 3.2 × 10-7 millirem
B) 5.2 × 10-7 millirem
C) 5.2 × 10-4 millirem
D) 3.2 × 10-2 millirem
E) None of these choices is correct.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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How old is the oldest object that can reliably be dated using 14C dating?


A) 5730 years
B) 30,000 years
C) 60,000 years
D) 10,000 years
E) There is no limit to how old an object can be.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which equation correctly represents positron decay of Which equation correctly represents positron decay of   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)


A) Which equation correctly represents positron decay of   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
B) Which equation correctly represents positron decay of   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
C) Which equation correctly represents positron decay of   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
D) Which equation correctly represents positron decay of   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)
E) Which equation correctly represents positron decay of   A)    B)    C)    D)    E)

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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When atoms of beryllium-9 are bombarded with alpha particles,neutrons are produced.What new isotope is also formed? When atoms of beryllium-9 are bombarded with alpha particles,neutrons are produced.What new isotope is also formed?   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)   .


A) When atoms of beryllium-9 are bombarded with alpha particles,neutrons are produced.What new isotope is also formed?   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)
B) When atoms of beryllium-9 are bombarded with alpha particles,neutrons are produced.What new isotope is also formed?   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)
C) When atoms of beryllium-9 are bombarded with alpha particles,neutrons are produced.What new isotope is also formed?   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)
D) When atoms of beryllium-9 are bombarded with alpha particles,neutrons are produced.What new isotope is also formed?   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)
E) When atoms of beryllium-9 are bombarded with alpha particles,neutrons are produced.What new isotope is also formed?   . A)   B)    C)    D)    E)

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Nuclear fission is the process in which a heavy nucleus (mass number > 200)divides to form smaller nuclei of intermediate mass and one or more protons.

A) True
B) False

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A pure sample of tritium,3H,was prepared and sealed in a container for a number of years.Tritium undergoes β decay with a half-life of 12.32 years.How long has the container been sealed if analysis of the contents shows there are 5.25 mol of 3H and 6.35 mol of 3He present?


A) 2.34 yr
B) 3.38 yr
C) 9.77 yr
D) 14.1 yr
E) 25.6 yr

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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An alpha particle is a helium atom.

A) True
B) False

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